Romanticism in Poetry of Surat Cinta by WS Rendra

This research is motivated by a theory that combines daily reality and the reality behind it and tries to find daily reality, but on the other hand it also tries to discover what is behind daily reality. The problem under study is how romanticism in the poems of Surat Cinta by WS Rendra. The purpose of this study is to describe romanticism in the poem Surat Cinta by WS Rendra. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The data source of this research, namely the poem Surat Cinta by WS Rendra. The research instrument was the researcher himself, with data collection techniques carried out by reading and writing techniques. The technique is carried out in the following sequence (1) reading poetry, (2) recording the entire data obtained from the reading results, and (3) identifying the problem points according to the scope of the study. Data analysis techniques are processed through an expressive approach that focuses attention on the authors of literary works. The results showed that there was an equivalent and opposition in the poem Surat Cinta by WS Rendra. Equivalent can be found in aspects of love that lead to: (1) passion, (2) liking, (3) remembering and thinking in the heart, (4) distress, (5) worry, and (6) sadness. Meanwhile, the Opposition can be found in aspects of expression in the form of: (1) thoughts with feelings, (2) men with women, (3) likes with grief, and (4) sweet with bitter. Equivalent and opposition in the poem Surat Cinta by Rendra as a whole develops the integrity of meaning in poetry.

namely the ideal world and the factual world which is the basis for the emergence of romanticism theory.
Romanticism is a growing understanding in literature that operationally works on two things, namely the ideal world and the factual world. The ideal world sees that ideas, thoughts and ideas start from the gaps that occur in life both personally and socially. Everything that exists in the ideal world is always seen as something that is true both in law, law, custom and religiously. Unlike the case with the factual world. The factual world is sometimes not always in line with the ideal world. In this condition, there is a clash between ideas and the factual world. In this condition poetry is always present neutralizing the condition of the gap between the ideal world and the factual world. Poetry exists to provide a description, break up, provide solutions to existing gaps (Samsuddin, 2016).
The Surat Cinta poem written by WS Rendra cannot be separated from the gap in question, namely being able to interpret poetry means being able to free the imagination to interpret every word contained as a force that has meaning and captures the message the poet wishes to convey. Like this Surat Cinta poem contains the meaning of a terrible love that tells the journey of the love story of the poet with his idol (Dik Narti) starting from admiring, expressing love and then proposing to marry her. A poem with a strong style of language, a neat sound game, and enchanting metaphors and visual imagery that can build the integrity of meaning in the poem Surat Cinta by WS Rendra.

B. Literature Review
Literature review in this paper is needed to support this paper theoretically. These theories are needed to provide a basis for the description carried out. The following are several theories that can support this paper.

Definition of Poetry
Poetry is a concrete and artistic human thought in emotional and rhythmic language. Therefore, analyzing poetry is sometimes difficult because it is not easy to interpret a poem if our feelings are confused. The elements in poetry are very broad, one of which is known as an element of maje, habit or figurative language. This figurative element is the language used to give attention to anyone who is a literary performer. The aim is not only to make poetry more interesting and varied, but also to give an illustration of the existing interpretations of the imagination (Pradopo, 2005: 62).
According to Hasanuddin (2002: 5) poetry is an imaginative feeling statement, that is a feeling that is fabricated. The poet's feelings and thoughts that are still abstract are concrete. Poetry is a means to concretize events that have been recorded in the thoughts and feelings of poets. Intuition of intuition through words is done with the principle as efficiently as possible. Poetry is a complex work.

Definition of Romanticism
Romanticism is an ideological and literary understanding that influences the entire literature. Nevertheless, this does not in itself make the Indonesian literary world a uniform phenomenon. That understanding has in itself a contradiction. On the one hand, romanticism is an inventor of everyday reality, but on the other hand is trying hard to find another reality behind it without leaving everyday reality. Therefore it is not surprising, when when entering Indonesia the understanding is vulnerable to disunity (Faruk, 2012: 77).
According to Hoffman, (in Maunder, 2010: 6-7) romanticism can also be applied or expressions in the form of art, especially music and painting, so that the idea of romanticism which is a literary work which is mostly in the form of poetry began to be taught in schools and universities as the shape of a culture. Romance stories tend to show things that deal with someone's feelings. Exotic, longing in the past is used for the feelings of the audience, beauty and good looks are always told. The authors of the romantic era showed their longing and great interest in a variety of classical and traditional problems.

Romance Aspects
The romantic aspect is divided into two parts, namely the love aspect and the expression aspect. The description of these two aspects is as follows.

1) Aspects of Romance
The romantic aspects of love in poetry are a combination or unity of the real world and the ideal world, which sometimes is satisfying and even vice versa. The romantic aspects of love in poetry are a combination or unity between the real world and the ideal world. As a benchmark of analysis in this discussion is a matter of pity between the main actors and the opposite sex actors, such as love, intimacy, feelings of sadness and other feelings etc. (Faruk, 1995: 167). 2) Aspect of Expression According to Faruk (1995: 173) aspects of the romance of a poem can be analyzed through expression units. For example, emotions, uncontrolled desires of love, because romance as a set of means of expression and a set of contents. As for some units of expression of romanticism that is in the form of opposition between feelings with thoughts, men and women, hate with longing, like with grief, poor with rich, sweet with bitter, coming by going, silence with the crowd.

Types and Research Methods
Based on the type of research, including library research. The method used in this research is descriptive method. Descriptive method that is trying to describe all the symptoms or conditions that exist, namely the state of symptoms according to what they are at the time of the study.

Data and Data Sources
The data in this study are written data in the form of words, lines and stanzas that are related to romanticism in the poem Surat Cinta by WS Rendra. The data source in this study is the poem Surat Cinta by WS Rendra.

Data Collection Techniques
The data collection technique is done by reading and writing techniques on the text of Cinta Cinta poetry written by WS Rendra. The technique is carried out in the following sequence: (1) reading poetry, (2) recording the entire data obtained from the reading, and (3) identifying the problem points in accordance with the scope of the study.

Data Analysis Techniques
The data analysis technique used in this study is an interactive model of analysis developed by Miles and Huberman, (in Sugiyono, 2013: 246-252) which consists of three components of analysis, namely: 1) Data Reduction Reducing data means summarizing, choosing the main points that are important and looking for themes and patterns. So thus the data that has been reduced will provide a clearer picture. The data chosen is only data related to the problem to be analyzed, in this case the romanticism in the poem Surat Cinta by WS Rendra.

2) Data display
In this step the data that has been determined is then arranged regularly and in detail so that it is easy to understand. The data is then analyzed to obtain descriptive description of romanticism in the Love Letter poem by WS Rendra.

3) Conclusion Drawing
In this step, it has entered the stage of making conclusions from data that has been obtained since the beginning of the study. This conclusion is still temporary, this conclusion still requires verification of the results that have been obtained.

Research Results
Romanticism that is the focus of this study is divided into two aspects, namely: (1) the love aspect, and (2) the expression aspect. Aspects of romance in the poems of Love Letter by WS Rendra are related to: (1) passion, (2) liking, (3) remembering and thinking in the heart, (4) distressing, (5) worrying, and (6) sad. Aspects of expression include: (1) feelings with thoughts, (2) men with women, (3) likes with grief, and (4) sweet with bitter.

Discussion
In this section, we will discuss data based on the results of identification and interpretation of the data that has been done in the poem Surat Cinta by WS Rendra. This discussion is focused on aspects of romance and aspects of expression. The two aspects are described as follows:

1) Aspects of Romance
The love aspect is a combination of the factual world and the ideal world. If the ideal world and the factual world are one entity, then form an equivalent. The love aspect in the Love Letter poem by WS Rendra is divided into seven parts, namely: (1) passion, (2) liking, (3) remembering and thinking in the heart, (4) distressing, (5) worrying, and (6) sad. Description of aspects of romance is discussed as follows: (1) Lust Lust is a term in sexuality that indicates the state or physical and mental readiness of an individual to have sexual relations/equality. The situation can be traced to the poem of Surat Cinta by WS Rendra as in the following data.
Equivalent Aspect of Lust Ideal World Factual World Dua ekor belibis 'Two grouse' Penyair dan Dik Narti 'Poet and Dik Narti' Aku membimbingmu ke Altar untuk dikawinkan 'I guide you to the Altar to be married' penyair membawa Narti kesuatu tempat untuk dikawinkan 'the poet brought Narti somewhere to be married' The first data, it can be explained that the two grouse illustrate the poet and Dik Narti. This description causes mutual equivalence between the factual world and the ideal world. The depiction of the two grouse forms an equivalent relationship to make love. If referring to the factual world, the two belibis in love describe the figure of a poet and Dik Narti whose relationship violates the customs or laws that apply in society. However, if we refer to the ideal world then the relationship shows a matter of compassion, love and affection.
The second data can be explained that I guide you to the Altar mated is an equivalent thing. The quotation illustrates that the poet dreamed of bringing Narti to the Altar to be married. If it is seen based on the factual world, mating refers to a relationship that includes lust because it illustrates that the poet brings Narti somewhere to be married or to have sexuality. However, if connected with the ideal world, it shows a condition that forms a family with the opposite sex or forms a husband and wife bond.
(2) Liked Liking has a meaning in verb or verb class so liking can express an action, existence and experience. The situation can be traced to the poem of Love Letter by WS Rendra as in the following data.
Equivalent Liking Aspects Ideal World Factual World cinta (love, beautiful, dear love) Cinta (uncertain situation) Kupinang (wants to marry Narti)) Kupinang (the heavy burden felt by the poet when he wanted to marry Narti).
The first data can be explained that love shows an expression carried out by the poet to Narti. The love expressed by the poet contains two things that are mutually equivalent. This is when viewed in terms of a factual world, love is an uncertain condition, sometimes with love someone also ends the relationship and even ends his life. However, if traced based on the ideal world, then love illustrates a matter of liking, beautiful, loving, loving and captivated between husband and wife, brother and sister, leader and members.
The second data can be explained that kupinang shows a matter of liking which is drawn from the figure of the poet who wants to marry Narti. This is when viewed in terms of the ideal world and the factual world then there is an equivalent. The equivalent combination can be traced through a poet who wants to marry Narti. However, this situation is combined with factual conditions. The situation where it becomes a heavy burden felt by the poet when he wants to marry Narti because the obstacles that befall the poet come in turns.

(3) Remembering and Thinking in Your Heart
Remembering and thinking in your heart is something that is contained in a memory if you want to do or spell something. The situation can be traced to the poem of Love Letter by WS Rendra as in the following data.

Ideal World
Factual World kutulis surat (beautiful writings that express feelings of love) langit menangis (it is impossible for the poet to continue the letter he wrote) Anak-anak peri (delusions that are beautiful, entertaining, happy, and full of excitement) gaib (terrible, scary and even sinister) penyair dari kehidupan sehari-hari (a new view of the poet on things that had never occurred) Kehidupan (something hard, complicated, and sometimes we are so stuck in the abyss of sorrow) The first data can be explained that I wrote a letter is an ideal world that is present and built in the mind of a poet to write a beautiful writings that express feelings of love so that one day can marry Narti. The ideal world and the factual world are equivalent to one another. If traced based on the factual world, then I wrote a letter made by a poet is an expression of the soul that will be expressed to Narti. However, these expressions made it impossible for the poet to continue the letter he wrote because the heavens were crying which signaled the poet to stop writing.
The second data can be explained that the magical children of the world's fairies present in the minds of poets as the ideal world concept. the fairy children of the unseen world are a unity that permeates everything. So that the dreams that are present are beautiful, entertaining, fun, and even full of excitement. However, the ideal conditions are mutually forming equivalent to the factual circumstances that the occult shows something terrible, frightening and even scary in various circles in general. So between the ideal and factual worlds are mutually equivalent. The third data above can be explained that the poet from everyday life shows a series of words that contain meaning that gives a poet a new perspective on things that had never occurred to him before. This condition exists in the poet's imagination as an ideal world concept. However, the ideal condition is equivalent to the factual condition that life also sometimes describes something hard, complicated, and sometimes we are so lost in the abyss of misery.

(4) Distress
Distressing is an insecure, unhappy, always anxious, and worried state of being possessed by someone. The situation can be traced to the poem of Love Letter by WS Rendra as in the following data.
Equivalent Aspect of Distressing Ideal World Factual World hujan (hints at fertility and prosperity) hujan (circumstances that remind someone of the gray events that they live) angin laut (excitement, and cool when it blows) angin laut (chaos and hardship) The first data can be explained that rain is an ideal world which implies fertility and prosperity for many people in general and sometimes for rainy children is the most pleasant time to play and have fun. The concept of the ideal world gives new hope. However, a new view as an ideal world concept can be equivalent to factual circumstances. Factual conditions that are sometimes beautiful and sometimes do not make rain as a condition that reminds someone of the gray events they live in, and sometimes with rain also results in natural disasters. The second data can be explained that the sea breeze is an ideal world that illustrates something that is joyous, soothing when blowing and sometimes the sea breeze is like an endless ocean in paddling a boat, holding the steering wheel and keeping the sails stable. The ideal world is equivalent to the factual world. The equivalence between the ideal and factual world makes the sea breeze represent chaos and hardship if we are unable to maintain the stability of the boat and can produce waves and waves that result in disappearance in the middle of a vast ocean.

(5) Worried
Worried is a person's feelings when they are in worry, anxiety, chaos, chaos and so forth. The situation can be traced to the poem of Love Letter by WS Rendra as in the following data.
Equivalent Aspects Worried Ideal World Factual World bunyi tambur (tunable, beautiful, and comfortable to hear) bunyi tambur (less exciting and pleasant) Based on the data above, it can be explained that the sound of drums as the ideal world of poets describe a sound that is melodious, beautiful, and comfortable to hear. The ideal condition is equivalent to the factual condition that the sound of the drum is a sound that is not exciting and pleasing for the poet to write a letter addressed to Narti. That made the poet stop writing.

(6) Sad
Sad is a situation that is less pleasant or even that is not in accordance with our wishes and expectations. Sometimes it causes bad feelings. The situation can be traced to the poem of Love Letter by WS Rendra as in the following data.

Ideal World
Factual World menangis (the solution) Menangis (suffering, sick, difficult, and poignant) Based on the data above, it can be explained that crying is an ideal world that is present in the mind of the poet. The presence of the word crying as an ideal world concept describes a solution, it is said to be a solution because it is with the cry of the poet to get a solution. Is not the poet crying Narti or the people around him will respond to his situation. Is not by crying the poet will get love and other responses, and by crying Narti will give peace and comfort to the poet. Thus crying can describe the positive impact. However, these conditions are equivalent to factual conditions. Crying is an expression that comes out because of feelings of distress, suffering, pain, distress, and pain felt by the poet.

Aspect of Expression
The aspect of expression is the opposition or contradiction between the factual world and the ideal world. The aspect of expression is more directed at the occurrence of mutually opposing relations. Relationships that oppose each other in the poem Surat Cinta by WS Rendra are: (1) feelings with thoughts, (2) men with women, (3) likes with grief, and (4) sweet with bitter. These opposition will be discussed as follows:

1) Feelings with Thoughts
The enmity and thoughts of WS Rendra's poem Cinta Cinta form an opposition to each other. The opposition can be seen in the data below.
Opposition between Feeling and Mind Ideal World Factual World Kutulis surat 'I wrote a letter' hujan gerimis 'drizzle' kaki-kaki hujan menyentuhkan ujungnya ke bumi 'touch the ends to the earth' kata yang bermula dari kehidupan 'words that start from life' penyair dari kehidupan sehari-hari 'poet from everyday life' Opposition can be seen in the letter I write and drizzle. I write a letter is an imaginary world that is built, imagined and expected by the poet that is a letter in the hope that a poet can propose Narti one day. Expectations built on images are positioned in factual circumstances. Circumstances that did not allow the poet to reach Narti because of the drizzling rain. Opposition between the legs of rain and touch the tip to the earth. Rainy legs are an imaginary world that was built and imagined by poets. These conditions indicate that the power of love is portrayed terribly. However, this imaginary condition is positioned with a factual state touching its end to the earth where it can be said that a state that is difficult to reach Narti Opposition can be seen in poets from everyday life and words that originate from life. The word that originated from life is an imaginary world that was built and imagined by poets. This condition illustrates that life is formed through a communication between individuals and others. However, this imaginary condition is positioned with the factual conditions of the poet from everyday life which can be explained that the condition is concrete evidence. A poet is a person who is formed from the results of a very long process, the process in question is the result of learning and experience that has been passed.

2) Men with Women
Men and women in WS Rendra's poem Cinta Cinta form an opposition to each other. The opposition can be seen in the data below.
Opposition The opposition can be traced to Narti and the poet. The depiction of the Opposition is based on data 1, 2, 3 and 4. Narti is imaginatively a female figure imagined by a poet. However, this imaginary condition is positioned with a factual condition where the poet is a male figure who idolizes a woman to be the mother of his children.
The opposition can be traced to mermaids and me. The depiction of the Opposition is based on data 4, 5 and 6. A mermaid is imaginatively a female figure imagined by a poet and illustrates her admiration for a lover who is likened to a mermaid. However, this imaginary condition is positioned with a factual condition where the poet is a male figure who has a strong spirit and is not easily discouraged to make Narti as a wife.

3) Love with Grief
Love with sorrow in the poem Surat Cinta by WS Rendra forms an opposition to each other. The opposition can be seen in the data below.
Opposition between Love and Grief Ideal World Factual World bunyi tambur mainan anak-anak peri dunia yang gaib angin mendesah mengelu dan mendesah kutulis surat langit menangis cinta yang tegas bagai logam berat gemerlapan tak'kan kunjung diundurkan Opposition to the sound of children's toy fairy drums and the wind sighs wheezing and sighs suggesting the sound of children's toy fairy tufts as an imaginary world, namely children's toys that have not ended Narti told the poet. The conditions are very encouraging when heard. However, the condition of imagination above is positioned with the factual state of the wheezing and wheezing winds. Circumstances that inevitably, are ready or not, are willing or forced to be experienced so far that allows conditions to complain. This is not possible for the poet to hear the story of the sound of children's toy drums because the wind has complained and sighed.
Opposition I wrote a letter and the sky cried. I write a letter is a condition that allows poets to survive. Live the love story desired by everyone. Turn it into energy to survive in any condition. However, this condition is positioned with the factual state of the sky crying apparently stronger than just hope. Because not just hope but also a struggle. An unavoidable reality.
The stark opposition to love like sparkly heavy metal and not being pushed back suggests two opposing things, namely the imaginary world and the factual world or the world of imagination and the factual world. firm love like sparkly heavy metal is an imaginary world that is built, imagined and hoped for by the poet, which is great love and how his feelings that bring happiness to love Narti. Expectations built on images are opposed to factual conditions that will not be delayed. Circumstances that did not allow the poet to reach Narti because he had been withdrawn. The situation where he ended everything.

4) Sweet with Bitter
Sweetly bitterly in the poem Surat Cinta by Rendra formed an opposition to each other. The opposition can be seen in the data below.
Opposition between Sweet and Bitter Ideal World Factual World Aku melamarmu tiada lebih buruk dan tiada lebih baik kantong rejeki dan restu wingit tumpahlah gerimis Opposition I propose to you and there is no worse and no better. suggesting two opposing things, namely the imaginary world and the factual world or the world of imagination and the factual world. I propose to you the state of enthusiasm, optimism, and hard work that was built by the poet. However, this condition is positioned with a factual condition that is no worse and no better. Where the circumstances established by the poet to Narti is not easy as expected.
Opposition of fortune pouches and wingite blessing and spilling drizzle. fortune pouches and wingit blessing suggest the efforts of poets to maintain and protect love in a sturdy container so that one day the drizzle does not wet the love that has been built. A solid state of the poet's image to save and care for every trace of love that exists. This situation is positioned by drizzle. Conditions that must be endured by a poet if he keeps his fortune and blessing. This situation becomes a factual condition experienced by the poet in storing every trace of love that exists.

E. Conclusion
The romanticism in the poem of Surat Cinta by WS Rendra can be divided into two aspects, namely: (1) the love aspect and (2) the expression aspect. the love aspect is the ideal world and the factual world is in line so as to produce an equivalent. The combination or unity between the ideal world and the factual world can be seen in: (1) passion, (2) liking, (3) remembering and thinking in the heart, (4) distressing, (5) worrying, and (6) sad. Meanwhile, the aspect of expression is an ideal world that is not in line with the factual world so as to produce opposition. The opposition is directed at: (1) thoughts with feelings, (2) men with women, (3) likes with grief, and (4) sweet with bitter. The equivalence and opposition between the ideal world and the factual world in the poetry of Surat Cinta by WS Rendra as a whole build the integrity of meaning in poetry.